Inputs, Outputs, and Timers

Inputs, Outputs, and Timers form the basis for almost everything embedded systems do.
Registers:
- Registers are the API to the hardware.
- Are memory mapped, so you can write to a specific address to modify a register.

Controlling hardware is just flipping binary bits in memory.
Hex comes in handy when we modify the whole variable. Because, each digit in hex corresponds to a nibble(four bits) in binary.
Left shifting is similar to multiplying by 2^ShiftValue Example:
- 1 << 3 = 0000 0001 « 3 = 0000 1000 = 8 = 2³
Right shifting is similar to dividing by 2^ShiftValue Example:
- 8 >> 3 = 0000 1000 » 3 = 0000 0001 = 1 = 8 / 2³
Last bit can tell us if a number is odd or even Example:
- 5 = 0000 0101 (odd)
- 4 = 0000 0100 (even)